![]() An earlier research study found that 82%, 60%, and 54.2% of primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare centers, respectively, were in the red category, indicating a critical need for immediate measures to stringently enforce an efficient BMW management system in the country to curb the spread of infections (Arora et al. International clinical epidemiology imposed the existing BMW practices in 20 Indian states during 2002-2004 based on detailed questionnaires that were used to sub-classify the standards. During this period, approximately 240 people in Gujarat were affected by hepatitis B owing to the reuse of unsterilized syringes (Seetharam 2009). For instance, medical syringes were reused without proper sterilization until 2009 (Salkin and Kennedy 2004). Several decades ago, Indian employees working with BMW were unaware of the need for suitable protective equipment on the job. ![]() Canada is a pioneer in this field, and it has centralized provincial facilities for BMW sterilization (Walkinshaw 2011). The evaluation was conducted by assessing five major management areas: training, policy, regulatory framework, technologies implemented, and financial resources (Datta et al. Japan and the Republic of Korea were the only two countries that effectively managed their BMW. A best available technology (BAT) survey for identifying safe and sustainable BMW treatment options and management methodologies was conducted in 24 countries in the Western Pacific area in 2012. A large portion of these wastes worldwide are managed using technologies such as wastewater treatment, land disposal, gasification, and incineration. Therefore, care and caution must be taken to ensure that these wastes are properly managed and safely segregated. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), of the total waste generated by healthcare activities, approximately 85% is general and non-hazardous waste, while the remaining 15% includes clinical solid waste, expired vaccines, unlabeled products, medical instruments, and organic fluids that are considered infectious, toxic, and hazardous to humans and the environment (WHO 2018). The proper handling of BMW is critical and has remained a challenging problem over the past few decades. Waste generated over the course of medical diagnosis, treatment, and research is considered biomedical waste (BMW). This study suggests strategies for controlling BMW generation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of existing incineration technology on the environment and human health has been extensively studied. Among the many disposal methods, incineration technologies are examined in depth. The latest availability of disposal facilities is discussed based on source data provided by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. Strategical approaches have been suggested for segregating and safely disposing BMW. This paper also provides a feasible solution, by adopting a modern perspective, towards managing BMW generated in the context of SARS-CoV-2 at isolation wards and crematoriums. ![]() Additionally, a pioneering study was conducted to estimate the usage of facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. ![]() Moreover, an investigation is conducted on BMW generation in tons/day in India during the COVID-19 period, with implications for future projection. This discussion is important in light of clear scientific evidence that, apart from the airborne transmission of the disease, the virus also survives on different surfaces and poses the risk of infection. This study deals with the pollution impact of biomedical waste (BMW) generation due to the COVID-19 pandemic at both the global and national levels.
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